Indicator

Bulgaria

EU

Notes

Economy

Government surplus/deficit (% GDP)

0.0

-1.7

Government gross debt (% GDP)

29.0

83.2

GDP per capita in PPS (EU = 100)

48

100

Tax to GDP ratio

29.0

40.0

Annual inflation rate

1.9

1.8

Nov-17

Investment (gross fixed capital formation as % of GDP)

18.6

19.8

Weight of manufacturing in the economy (value added of manufacturing as % of GDP)

14.4

14.4

Population and social conditions

Share of population aged 65  or over

20.4

19.2

Share of population under 15

14.0

15.6

Fertility rate (children per woman)

1.53

1.58

2015

Unemployment rate (total)

6.1

7.4

Oct-17

Unemployment rate (less than 25 years)

11.5

16.5

Oct-17

Risk-of-poverty or social exclusion (% of population)

40.4

23.5

Education

Tertiary educational attainment total (% of persons aged 30-34)

43.9

39.1

Tertiary educational attainment women (% of persons aged 30-34)

41.0

43.9

Tertiary educational attainment men (% of persons aged 30-34)

27.2

34.4

Early leavers from education (% of persons aged 18-24 years)

13.8

10.7

Science and technology

R&D expenditure (% of GDP)

0.96

2.03

2015

Individuals having made a purchase online (% of persons aged 16 to 74)

17

55

Employment in high- and medium-high technology manufacturing (%)

4.0

5.8

Environment and energy

Greenhouse gas emissions including international aviation and indirect CO2 emissions

(% reduction since 1990)

-40.58

-22.12

2015

Share of renewables in final energy consumption

18.2

16.7

2015

Energy dependency (share of imports in energy consumption)

35.4

54.0

2015